Do Not Text, Just Drive Essay - 1273 Words

Texting, as of right now, is one of the most used ways of communication. But when texting is mixed with driving, it is not the safest combination. Texting and driving should be banned in all fifty states for all ages because texting is a privilege, not a right, it is a distraction, it is dangerous, and innocent lives have been tremendously affected. Although cell phone usage has become extremely evolved within this decade, it still has brought many flaws throughout our nation. One would think with the total number of deaths and numerous accidents that the entire nation would eventually come to a conclusion about this issue. But as of right now, twelve states prohibit all drivers from using hand-held cell phones while driving.†¦show more content†¦By any means, being patient and texting someone later cannot lead to danger or death of others. Start realizing that texting in general, is not a priority or right for anyone to do, it is simply a privilege. Texting and driving should be banned in all fifty states because texting is a distraction that keeps drivers away from the road. According to the book Brain Rules, while multitasking, research shows your error rate goes up 50 percent and it takes you twice as long to do things. (Cooper) Texting someone is nearly the same as talking on the phone, therefore, it’s an ongoing conversation. But driving is an ongoing action, excluding stop signs and stoplights as well. As a driver the main focus is the road. In order to send a text, the cell phone has to be the main focus. For example, if a driver is at a stop sign, receives a text, and decides to look down at the phone. The driver’s eyes, hands, and focus completely move toward the phone and not the road anymore, which is the main focus. With this situation, there are a number of things that can go wrong. Someone can switch lanes really quickly, a baby can walk out the street, a car could suddenly stop, etc. So any drivers, who plan on â€Å"multitasking† while driving, think twice before making that decision. A lot of risks are taken by texting and driving, but the most important risk a driver takes while texting is either life or death. When it comes to texting andShow MoreRelatedName: Rafaela Romero Specific Purpose: Don’t Text and Drive, Save lives. Introduction700 Words   |  3 PagesRafaela Romero Specific Purpose: Don’t Text and Drive, Save lives. Introduction Paragraph: Good Evening my name is Rafaela, I’m here to persuade you why you shouldn’t text and drive. (Video)There’s times we wish we could rewind time, but sadly we can’t. We all make the mistake of texting and driving without thinking on the consequences this could bring. Texting and Driving is a big epidemic that hurts our nation day by day, I’m here to persuade you to don’t do it. I. Automobile crashes as a resultRead MoreTexting And Driving : The Phone Rings And A Man Answers969 Words   |  4 Pageswithout looking. People do this all the time and not even think about what they are doing. It is just a natural reaction that our generation has become used to since phones run our lives. A phone rings and bang someone is right there to answer and respond to whatever is needed. This then continues on the roads which strikes fear in a lot of people. That is where ads have come into place to take over and try to get people to not text and drive. They strike fear by saying â€Å"do you want to be the personRead MoreStrategic Text Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesTowing Your Way Through Strategic Texts Characteristics If I were to drive through the town of Auburn, Alabama and count the amount of â€Å"Tow Away Zone signs, it would take me an entire day to do so. Even then, the chance of me overlooking and missing one or two signs is likely to happen. There are apartment complexes surrounding all sides of campus with a lot of housing being crammed along West Glenn and Gay Street. Even downtown parking is very limited. To ensure that apartment renters, and shopRead MoreTexting and Driving Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pageswhile driving to ensure the safety of all drivers on the roads and highways. Citations should be given to drivers who text while driving because in order to view or reply to any text message, their eyes have to be completely off of the road for a given time period. There is absolutely no such thing as the perfect driver, let alone somebody being able drive perfectly while text messaging no matter how advanced the technology may be because it will still be a constant distraction taking your attentionRead MoreTexting And Driving Is A Good Thing Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagestheir phone. Texting and driving is one of the most daring things people can do on the road now a days. It is a tragic practice in the United States that needs to be stopped. It’s taking many lives of peoples family and friends around the United States today. This phenomenon of texting and driving exists and it isn t a good thing. Although many people would agree that texting and driving isn t a safe act many still do it. Most people feel discluded from the texting while driving danger and believeRead MoreIs Inattentional Blindness So Different Between The Two Tasks?1040 Words   |  5 Pagessome days when I pick up my phone. That image got me to stop texting and driving for quote a bit of time. Despite his best efforts I still do use my phone and drive. Most people seem to fall into the same trap, but can we text and drive safely? According to David L. Strayer and Frank A. Drews research, no. It’s estimated that 100 million drives use a phone and drive. Yet people are not distracted as much by the radio, or audio books, why? The researchers wanted to see why inattentional blindness is soRead MoreDriving, Distractions and Accidents952 Words   |  4 Pagesbe fine to text back because the road is just going straight down, but then all of a sudden something unexpected happens. An accident, an accident caused by a simple text. Texting while behind the wheel looses focus, taking eyes off the wheel and it has a high risk factor. Driving while texting is a very dangerous and serious issue that distracts everyone no matter what the age is. A few people thing they can text and drive because they are supposedly expert drivers. Or they can text without lookingRead Moretexting and driving1187 Words   |  5 Pageswhy people do them even with the dangerous consequences. Drivers think they can text while driving and also drink while driving because they think they can get away with it because nothing has affected them in the past while doing it. Michael Austin states, â€Å"Texting, also known as SMS (for short message service), is on the rise, up from 9.8 billion messages a month in December ’05 to 110.4 billion in December ’08†. What does it mean to all drivers to text and drive, or even drink and drive? Why wouldRead MoreTexting While Driving (Speech) Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagestake a drivers focus off of the road. Imagine this, its a beautiful day for a drive, the sun is out, windows rolled down, the music in on softly, just a perfect day. Then you look down at your cell-phone, just briefly, quick enough to remove your eyes from the road, then you BAM you made an accident!! How many of you have cell phones? How many of you drive? Honestly, how many of you use your cell phone and drive at the same time? I have been the passenger in the car while the driver wasRead MoreThere’s No Surviving if Texting While Driving Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages Just imagine driving down the road, seeming as if there are no cares in the world; one second later a child runs out in front of the car, but no one sees him because their eyes are glued to their cell phones. An innocent life has just been lost because a click of a button. Some people do not realize how dangerous texting and driving can really be. Most people consider themselves to be great at multitasking; well, when it comes to texting and driving, no one can really predict what the outcome could

Essay on The Burden of Proof in Philosophy and Science

The Burden of Proof in Philosophy and Science In Language, Truth, and Logic, Alfred J. Ayer describes the revolutionary idea that philosophy is only useful and significant if it can be proven. This can be otherwise said as the elimination of metaphysics from the practice. While metaphysics focuses on a priori knowledge questions which are unanswerable to scientific observation and analysis, Ayer feels that one must at least be able to establish a criterion of verifiability of a statement- by which one can at least determine if truth or falsity can be discovered. This is also known as the verifiability principle. We say that a sentence is factually significant to any given person, if, and†¦show more content†¦We cannot establish the means to verify that there is a transcendent realm of forms in another life because we have no experience with any other life. We accept something as good or beautiful because it is pleasing to us and those around us, not because we have established a way to prove their goodness or beauty. Ayer would not be convinced that either of these exist because we have no way of proving anything besides that which we see for ourselves and come. For the same reason, we cannot verify whether or not our souls live forever. We do not have the ability to even make assertions about what happens after death, because we have no possible way of even making an educated guess. However, metaphysical statements that may lack any means for being literally true, can still have moral significance. People who truly believe something is true may still reap the benefits of their belief; such as the confidence or inspiration they might draw from it. These metaphysical claims may still serve to express or arouse, emotion, and thus be subject to ethical or aesthetic standards. Another distinction that Ayer makes in his writings is the difference between strong and weak factually significant propositions. Strong propositions are those in which its truth could beShow MoreRelatedBiblical Argument Against Abortions1513 Words   |  7 PagesLaToya Howard Philosophy of Values and Ethics February 2, 2013 Rational Argument Against Abortions Biblical Argument Against Abortions In this paper, I will discuss arguments against abortions. The first sets of arguments I will discuss are biblical arguments. That being said, I must begin by acknowledging that the Bible doesn’t say anything about abortion directly. Abortion was so unthinkable to an Israelite woman that there was no need to even mention it in the criminal code. Why wasRead MoreGreece Laid the Groundwork for Today Essay examples555 Words   |  3 Pagesof Ancient Greece, modern day society might be a civilization of sick, nonconformist, overweight people. Thankfully, the Ancient Greeks spent time making contributions, which prevented that from happening. The Greeks used forethought, science, and philosophies to investigate platforms in medicine, democracy, and sports which allowed them to produce significant contributions to modern day society that are still being used today. First, Greece was instrumental in defining the ethics of medicine.Read MoreHow The Ancient Greeks And Romans Still Influence Our Modern World869 Words   |  4 PagesIt is important for students to understand how the ancient Greeks and Romans still influence our modern world. Ancient Greece was the birthplace modern mathematics, science, philosophy, architecture, literature, theater, art, architecture, Democracy, Law, and competitive sports. The term mathematics was invented by Pythagoras. It means that which is learned. In turn, mathematical theories were applied to building the great architecture of Greece. The great Greek temples are visual representationsRead MoreThe Hornswoggle Problem : The Hard Problem1248 Words   |  5 Pagesconsciousness as uniquely difficult does nothing to solve the issue at hand. Churchland uses the example of heat. An older philosopher may have established the mystery of the structure and function of heat to be a â€Å"hard† 2 problem when in fact, science proved otherwise. Scientific evidence provides an appropriate explanation; and without evidence, there are only untested assumptions. Solving all the â€Å"easy† problems for instance, may still leave a very important scientific element out; and inRead MoreIs Science Rational? Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagestopics of study, â€Å"Science† being one of them. We make presumptions, based on either reasonable evidence or that our thoughts and ideas are known as true by others. Through this we have come to understand and define science as its aims, leaving its definition, whether consciously or unconsciously, unchallenged. We have taken advantage of the label that we have set for science, as well as its goals, and failed to look at them further. So what do we consider Science? Pure? ObjectiveRead MorePolitics Of The Polarized Classroom Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesPopular Trope By now, one must have already heard or read about the story of a young man standing up to his professor in philosophy class, the latter being a self-professed atheist. Simply put, the professor claimed that it was stupid to believe in God because there was no empirical proof of God. The young man, however, wittily retorts that since the class really had no empirical proof of the professor’s brain, then they really had no business believing him. The same trope is basically used in a moreRead MoreA Lifetime Of Student Debt1050 Words   |  5 Pagesapproaching other cultures. They will be exposed to different situations where they will grow in to having a different perspective towards the world. This is a main reason why going to college is worthwhile. Although the high costs might seem as a burden, they have the option to get student loan debts which with a job they will easily be abel to pay it back. Hence, everyone should go to college regardless of how much money they have t o pay, but the experiences they will gain are worthwhile havingRead MoreThe Simplicity of Solipsism Essay856 Words   |  4 Pages(Thornton). This states that a solipsist doesn’t necessarily believe only he or she exists, although it’s possible. More precisely, the person is able to acknowledge that others’ thoughts, emotions, etc. may exist, however he or she can’t find real proof that anyone but him or herself subsists. Concisely, a true solipsist comprehends, for example, the word â€Å"pain† as â€Å"my pain.† The person cannot perceive how this word is to be applied in any sense other than this exclusively egocentric one (Thornton)Read MoreAmy Tan s Two Kinds1663 Words   |  7 Pageson them. In Asia, such as Japan, China, and South Korea, these expectations become burdens for the children, which may lead them to become rebels. The story â€Å"Two Kinds† of Amy Tan will illustrate Asia parents’ expectation throughout the aspects of the educational system, parental involvement, and single-child family as well as the gender issue. Most Asian countries’ education has been influenced by the philosophy of Confucius (a Chinese philosopher who lived between 552-479 BC), which inspires peopleRead MoreEssay about Galileo Galilei2120 Words   |  9 Pagesworld works. Michelangelo, the youngest of his siblings, was also a lutenist but had financial struggles due to promised dowries for his brother- in-law, which Galileo had to help and assist his brother financially. Galileo was strained by financial burdens, but it helped him think of ways to make additional income which brought him to develop ideas of inventions. The priesthood made a great impression on the young at a young age, Galileo was greatly intrigued in devoting his life to priesthood and

Friendships Need Care Free Essays

â€Å"Friendships need care.† I should’ve listened to this before I got into a fight with my best friend. She thought I was stealing her friends, but I wasn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Friendships Need Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now I got really infuriated at her and decided that she was actually stealing my friends. My friend thought I was stealing her friends so I got really mad at her for assuming that because I was the one who made those friends and then introduced her to them. She got mad at me because I was â€Å"stealing† her friends. Getting into a fight with my best friend was one of the saddest moment of my life because she was my first friend, she always comforted me, and I had the best moments with her. One reason it made it much worse is that she was my first friend. She stood up for me. Whenever someone was malicious to me, she stood up for me. When I came into the school, she was the one who made me her friend When I came to this school, I thought everybody had already made friends, but she was the one to make me her friend. She made me feel befriended. She made me feel befriended when I was lonely. Next is another reason why this situation was so sad. Another reason it was so depressing is that she always comforted me. When I was sad, she always comforted me. She sat down next to me and started making me laugh. When a teacher or someone hollered at me, she stood up for me. When someone shouted she either, talked to me at recess or she yelled at them. When I got into a fight with someone, she helped me talk through it with them. Next is another reason why it was so dark. The last reason that it was sad to get into a fight with her is that I had my greatest moments with her. I did the Revolutionary War in 5th grade. In 5th grade, we both went on a field trip together. We celebrated Halloween together for 2 years. The first year it was at my house and the second year was at her house. Lastly, we had many reminiscences together. We had tons of playdates and some sleepovers. This fight was so bitter because of all these parts and more. As this essay shows, getting into a fight with one of my best friends was one of the saddest moments in my life because she was my first friend, she always comforted me, and I had the best moments with her. In conclusion, â€Å"Friendships need care†. How to cite Friendships Need Care, Papers

Life Lessons from the Wrestling Mat Essay Example For Students

Life Lessons from the Wrestling Mat Essay So this story begins during my first year of high school, its just after my first day of football practice. Hey Thrasher! Come over here.   I heard my defensive line coach yell to me, Whatcha need Coach Tut?   I asked, Well I was wondering look, we are starting up a wrestling team at school and I wanted to know if you wanted to join it. Said Coach Tut with a small gleam in his eye. Thinking it over in my head and remembering the many times as a child my father and I had gone to college wrestling tournaments I told my coach with a smile that I would definitely join. Little did I know at the time is that by answering yes to such a simple question would have quite the change on my outlook on life. Fast forward a couple of months to the first week of wrestling season. Thinking that I was in the best shape I had been in quite a long time from the football season I had thought that wrestling would be a cakewalk, boy I had never been more wrong in my life. The first day of practice Coach Tut told us that wrestling is ninety percent heart and ten percent muscle, when I asked him what that meant he simply responded If you are still on the team during your senior year then you will understand what I mean   a little confused I just took what he said and continued on getting ready to go home. There is no true way to explain the next morning than utter agony, I woke up to my muscles screaming in pain as if I had been hit by a truck. Barely able to get out of bed I slowly made my way to the kitchen to get my breakfast ready. I was greeted by my mother who looked up from the stove as she heard my bedroom door open Good morning   she said while stirring some corned beef hash in the pan Good morning   I sleepily replied. So how are you feeling this morning? she asked I feel like Ive been to hell and back and back to hell and back again   I grumbled disdainfully Well at least you are young enough to recover fast, you should be fine by lunch   she said cheerfully while serving me some hash and eggs I hope so   I mumbled back as I took in my first bite of breakfast. This was to be routine for me during the rest of the year, sadly my career during my freshman year was quite bad with a 2-12 record for the year. During my sophomore and junior years I had continued with wrestling and football and slowly but surely I had lost more and more weight and had gotten in better shape, all the while improving my record for my wrestling matches. While I had be quite proud of myself during these times I hadnt really kept up with my schooling as much as I should have and because of this I was approached by my coach. Well Andrew we have a small problem with your grades   he said to me as he handed me some papers What are these? I asked looking at the small pile of papers These are the tests that I have gotten from your other teachers and if you look the grades arent too great   he said pointing to some of the grade that I had gotten as I flipped through them. I kept looking at the papers as Coach Tut gave me the time to take in what he was talking about, Well I get that I need to start studying more   I said handing the copies back to him Its not just that you need to its that you need to and need to keep up with it or you wont be on the team anymore   he said putting a hand on my shoulder. .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 , .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .postImageUrl , .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 , .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:hover , .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:visited , .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:active { border:0!important; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:active , .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938 .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98c2984be82dd0c1c9f73cf45a4d0938:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fibbonacci EssayAt that moment was when I realized that I needed to not only focus on wrestling and football but I had to find a way to balance and keep up with school and keep my grades at an acceptable level. My senior year had come along and I was in the best shape of my life, I had dropped playing football and focused on just wrestling and school. It was during this time that I was winning match after match and it seemed like I was on top of the world. I was still having trouble with some subjects in school but had just kept my head low and kept on with the grind that seemed to be the never ending school work. While my grades were just about average my wrestling matches were going better than I had ever thought I could achieve, by  ¾ of the season being over I was 24-0 and it was looking like it would only keep going up. And that it did by my final week of wrestling I had finished on the top of the team with both wins and wins by pinning the opponent, I finished my high school record with a total of 36-0. I couldnt have been more proud, my parents and my coach the same, congratulating me for my achievements as I had already finished with enough credits to graduate. It was just before graduation that I had finally understood what my coach had told me on my first day of wrestling practice. It was that no matter how hard the task if you are able to keep your mind on the goal and kept determined to succeed through the process you would eventually succeed in whatever you put your heart into. When I had went back to Coach Tut to tell him what I thought of his words he simply responded with That may be true but there is a second part to what I meant   I looked at him asked What do you mean?   he laughed before saying Once youve wrestled everything else in life is easy.   To this day I keep what my coach told me close to heart and try my hardest through times that I know will be tough and keep on going because I know that Once youve wrestled everything else in life will be easy.

Virtu And Fortuna Essays - Italian Politicians, Machiavellianism

Virtu and Fortuna Virtu and Fortuna Under close scrutiny, The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli is seen to be a mind-baffling construct of many levels of meaning, and, many might say, enigmatically so. It is hard to determine where Machiavelli is writing in earnest and where in sarcasm or self-condemnation. As John Plamenatz says, the perverse Machiavelli "likes to make himself out worse than he is. He likes at times to shock his contemporaries..." No doubt he succeeds. The important message here, though, is that the reader can never be positive of Machiavelli's real views. The same is true in considering the significance of the terms virtu and fortuna (and their several translations), so often used by Machiavelli to drive home his points. But by looking at many possibilities for their frequent and seemingly suggestive usages, and at some of the ancient thought with which Machiavelli was supremely familiar, we can arrive at a satisfactory speculation, we can discuss the web weaved by Machiavelli in his profes! sions. The first, most obvious purpose of The Prince is stated by the author himself, addressing Lorenzo de' Medici: If you will read [this book] over and study it carefully, you will recognize in it my most earnest desire that you may achieve that summit of grandeur to which your happy destiny and your other capacities predestine you. And if from that summit Your Magnificence will occasionally glance down at these humble places, you will recognize how unjustly I suffer the bitter and sustained malignity of fortune. Clearly there is a sizeable amount of cajolery occurring here (and also foreshadows the following discussion of fortune and virtue), and this same stroking of Lorenzo's ego continues through the book, with slight references to how fit to rule this prince is, how "virtuous," how fated to be the incredible Prince for whom Machiavelli writes. It could easily be said that with this book the author may have trying to ingratiate himself to all the local nobility; on the other hand, knowing what follows might also suggest that Machiavelli was really attempting to play off the nobility's fears of chaos and insecurity, guaranteeing safety if they read his short piece. The second possible purpose--definitely an outcome--is the creation of a learned historical discourse. I will leave out examples; it suffices to say that The Prince encompasses many centuries of human history, many deeply researched examples of politico-military events, and so on. True, they serve enforce his ideas on "virtuous government," but they also seve the modern historian in his search for original sources. A third possible purpose of The Prince might be to outline the ideal government or, if not the ideal, the most virtuous or the best possible. It is in this purpose, the same goal pursued by countless political thinkers in history, that we extract much of what the current age considers Machiavellian. The lord most would consider ruthless and cold, but whom Machiavelli names a virtuoso, is but one (probably Cesare Borgia, son of Sixtus IV) character in the book. The author's supposedly cruel way of equating bad with good is traditionally what has gotten him into hot water. The fact is, however, that Machiavelli never truly addresses the issues of bad and good, right and wrong, these absolute judgments most people would, I think, claim him to make. Machiavelli, in laying out the "best" government, does so from a completely political and pragmatic point of view, by what works, what is possible, and, really, what for his prince results in the most power and security. The auth! or carries out this investigation using two parameters in particular, the Italian virtu and fortuna. They can be translated in many ways (Robert M. Adams has done it very nicley so I shall not repeat them here) which is part of what gives the book its depth. In general, though, the spirit Machiavelli attaches to these two crucial words resembles the following. Virtu embodies a paragon or paradigm; the virtuous man takes action, he anticipates and exhibits resolve, shrewdness and aptitude. Above all, he commits himself to politically sound, whole-hearted efforts. Politics here reign supreme; while he does acknowledge that there are ideals in the world, he asserts that it is futile to discuss them because

Using Readability Formulas

Using Readability Formulas Any readability formula is one of many methods of measuring or predicting the difficulty level of text by analyzing sample passages. A conventional readability formula measures average word length and sentence length to provide a grades and Observations, below. Five popular readability formulas are the Dale-Chall readability formula (Dale Chall 1948), the Flesch readability formula (Flesch 1948), the FOG index readability formula (Gunning 1964), the Fry readability graph (Fry, 1965), and the Spache readability formula (Spache, 1952). Examples and Observations: Because researchers have been examining readability formulas for almost 100 years, the research is comprehensive and reflects both the positive and negative aspects of formulas. Essentially, research firmly supports that sentence length, and word difficulty provide viable mechanisms for estimating difficulty, but they are imperfect. . . .As with many tools that work with normally developing readers, readability formulas may require some tweaking when the target population includes struggling readers, learning-disabled readers, or English language learners. When readers have little or no background knowledge, readability formula results may underestimate the difficulty of the material for them, particularly for English language learners. (Heidi Anne E. Mesmer, Tools for Matching Readers to Texts: Research-Based Practices. The Guilford Press, 2008) Readability Formulas and Word Processors Today many widely used word processors offer readability formulas along with spell checkers and grammar checkers. Microsoft Word provides a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Many teachers use the Lexile Framework, a scale from 0 to 2000 that is based on average sentence length and average word frequency of texts found in an extensive database, the American Heritage Intermediate Corpus (Carroll, Davies, Richman, 1971). The Lexile Framework circumvents the need to perform ones own calculations. (Melissa Lee Farrall, Reading Assessment: Linking Language, Literacy, and Cognition. John Wiley Sons, 2012) Readability Formulas and Textbook Selection There are probably more than 100 readability formulas currently in use today. They are widely used by teachers and administrators as a way of predicting if a text is written at a level appropriate for the students who will use it. While we can say with relative ease that readability formulas are fairly reliable, we need to be cautious in using them. As Richardson and Morgan (2003) point out, readability formulas are useful when textbook selection committees need to make a decision but have no students available to try out the materials on, or when teachers want to assess materials that students may be asked to read independently. Basically, a readability formula is a quick and easy way to determine the grade level of written material. However, we must remember that it is only one measure, and the grade level obtained is only a predictor and thus may not be exact (Richardson and Morgan, 2003). (Roberta L. Sejnost and Sharon Thiese, Reading and Writing Across Content Areas, 2nd ed. Cor win Press, 2007) The Misuse of Readability Formulas as Writing Guides One source of opposition to readability formulas is that they are sometimes misused as writing guides. Because formulas tend to have just two major inputs- word length or difficulty, and sentence length- some authors or editors have taken just these two factors and modified writing. They sometimes end up with a bunch of short choppy sentences and moronic vocabulary and say that they did it because of a readability formula. Formula writing, they sometimes call it. This is a misuse of any readability formula. A readability formula is intended to be used after the passage is written to find out for whom it is suitable. It is not intended as a writers guide.(Edward Fry, Understanding the Readability of Content Area Texts. Content Area Reading and Learning: Instructional Strategies, 2nd ed., edited by Diane Lapp, James Flood, and Nancy Farnan. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004)Dont bother with the readability statistics. . . . The averages of sentences per paragraph, words per sentence, and characte rs per word have little relevance. The Passive Sentences, Flesch Reading Ease, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level are computed statistics that dont accurately assess how easy or hard the document is to read. If you want to know whether a document is hard to understand, ask a colleague to read it. (Ty Anderson and Guy Hart-Davis, Beginning Microsoft Word 2010. Springer, 2010) Also Known As: readability metrics, readability test

Alcohol in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcohol in India - Research Paper Example Men are ten times more likely to use alcohol regularly as compared to women. Raffensperger further states, â€Å"While alcohol consumption is low overall, it's even lower in women than in men in India†. Social Organizations and Use of Alcohol In India, people are divided into various categories according to their castes. There also exist many subcultures in India. Three most common subcultures in India are Punjabi culture, Bengali culture, and Marwari culture. Alcohol consumption is relatively low in Punjabi culture as compared to other two subcultures. The social class structure, family system, and different subcultures put a significant impact on overall alcohol consumption in India. The social structure of India is a mixture of diverse cultures, religions, and racial groups. Hindu religion, Muslim religion, and Sikhism are the most prominent religions of India. Social structure of India influences the institutions of family, marriage, and caste (Gihar 58). If we talk about social organizations in India, the most common social organizations include Forward class, Backward class, and Harijans. The social class structure of India includes different classes to which people of India belong. Forward class consists of rich people or those belonging to higher castes. People belonging to this class consume the highest percentage of total alcohol consumed by Indian people. Such people generally have fewer tensions in their lives as compared to lower classes. The main reasons for Forward class to consume a high percentage of alcohol include sociability and taste. Consumption of alcohol is not considered bad among higher classes of India. The most common brands used by the Forward class people include Blossom Hill, Smirnoff Red Vodka, and Carling. People belonging to Backward or middle class also use alcoholic drinks but the percentage is considerably low as compared to Forward class or Harijans. In the societies of Backward class people, use of alcohol is not co nsidered a good deed. The family structure of India plays an important role in controlling the percentage of alcohol consumption in this class. â€Å"Most of the families in India are extended families, wherein every member has his/her own role, often influenced by age and gender† (Rampur). Every member of a family resects the norms and values of the family structure. The reason behind low percentage of alcohol consumption in this class is the joint family structure of India. It is very difficult for the adults to use alcoholic drinks in front of their parents or relatives. Children respect their parents and do not do any such thing, which their parents do not want them to do. Harijans or lowest class people are the most alcohol addicted people in India. These people are not financially stable and have many tensions in their lives. They take alcohol in order to forget their problems for a while and to feel relaxed. However, they take low quality alcohol because they are not a ble to buy expensive or high quality alcoholic beverages. Living Conditions, Leisure, and Recreation Living conditions of Indian people and leisure also put a significant impact on overall alcohol consumption in India. Some people belonging to elite class use alcohol as a recreational activity. The people belonging

Artificial Intelligence Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Artificial Intelligence - Term Paper Example Researchers can create systems that understand human speech, compete with humans during games like chase and imitate human thought (Harris, 2010). Origin and evolution of artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence traces its roots to the ancient-classical philosophers who described the human thinking process as a manipulation of mechanical symbols. This gave rise to the creation of a digital computer that was programmable in the 1940s. This machine was based on the conceptual core of mathematical logic. The success of this device acted as an inspiration to scientists and researchers to start engaging in serious discussions on the possibility of developing an electronic brain (Whitby, 2009). It is believed that artificial intelligence originated from proclamations and thoughts of the primordial Greek scientists and philosophers. The Egyptians then advanced it at around 800 B.C. The Egyptians constructed a statue of Amun, the great in the ancient city of Napata. This statue could move its arm and speak to onlookers. Although the statuette was not intelligent, it portrayed signs of intelligence that inspired the Egyptians (Harris, 2010). In the fifth century, Aristotle advanced what was considered as the foundation of artificial intelligence. He introduced a theory called the syllogistic logic that deduced the first formal reasoning system. Later on, other people such as Euclid, Ramon Lull and al-Khwarizmi came up with fresh developments (Whitby, 2009). Al-Khwarizmi invented algebra while Euclid introduced reasoning based on geometry. On his part, Ramon Lull invented a machine called Zairja. This could generate ideas in a mechanical and nonmathematical format. However, between 17th and 19th century, more ideas and descriptions were added to the thinking process. For instance, Descartes initiated the concepts that animals were just complex machines while Thomas Hobbes described reasoning as a process of reckoning. Gottfried Liebniz attempted to liken the human beings’ reasoning to algebraic calculations. He even developed the Liebniz Computer that could divide and multiply. George Boole who invented binary algebra further advanced use of mathematics to reason (Harris, 2010). The 20th century witnessed many advancements and revolutions with equally growing number of additional players in the industry (Lamb 1). The most significant invention of the robot was by Karel Capek in a play known as Rossum’s Universal Robots. The robots were portrayed as unconscious and mechanical beings who could work for humans as slaves (Harris, 2010). However, the most significant effort towards the advancement of artificial intelligence occurred in 1940 when the first electronic computer was invented. With the subsequent advancements in computer science and theory, artificial intelligence developed significantly (McCarthy 1). The leading brains in this field included Warren McCullon and Walter Pitts who sought to assign mathematical descriptions to the brains of humans. In 1955, Norbert Wiener proved that all the intelligent behaviors were feedback mechanisms’ derivatives (Whitby, 2009). The period between 1956 and 1979 was characterized by further advancements in artificial intelligence industry. Several research facilities on artificial intelligence were set up at Carnegie Mellon, MIT and Princeton. The administration of the US joined in during the 1960s and pressed for more developments on artificial in

Business Partner Model Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Partner Model - Coursework Example A distinction can be made between â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† approaches to HRM, in which the organization may adopt â€Å"hard† approach, whereby employees can be perceived as a resource to be managed just like other factors of production. Conversely, organizations may place an emphasis on a â€Å"soft† approach to HRM in which employees comes out as a valuable asset, whose contribution plays a critical role in the attainment of organization success. The paper explores the efficacy of business partner model in addressing the changes and improvements necessitated by investing in â€Å"human capital.† HR business partnering represents the process in which HR professionals closely work with business leaders or line managers with the intention of attaining shared organizational objectives, primarily with the motive of designing and implementing HR systems and processes that propel strategic business aims (Caldwell 2010, p.49). In the HR business partne r model, the human resource departments play a critical role in strategic planning, especially in attainment of present and future objectives (Ian 2006, p.33). The model does not only concentrate on HR duties such as payroll, benefits, and employee relations, but also add value to the company by directing recruiting, advancement, training, and placement of new and current employees (Lambert 2009, p.7). Business partnering seeks to encourage line managers at diverse levels to take responsibility in managing HR team. Business partner model seeks to enhance the effectiveness of HR and minimize its costs. The ultimate aim of business partnering centers of aligning people strategy more closely with what the business requires. The engagement in training and development can be undertaken with full knowledge of the inner workings of the business (Dowling, Festing, and Engle 2008, p.4). Hence, the strategic orientation that business partner model heralds allows organizations to attain the mo st productive outcome. Some of the key issues encountered in the implementation of business partnering entail absence of clarity regarding the HR’s role, and the lack of a consistent business strategy within which HR can work. HR may be marginalized from real decision making, and the influence of business partnering may differ. Some of the inherent conflicts within the model derive from the fact that the performance of one role may conflict with competing demands yielding to potential role-overload (Ian 2006, p.34). Other possible conflicts emanates from incomplete performance criteria in undertaking a single role, such as being strategic while at the same time responding to line manager’s tactical issues (Lambert 2009, p.8). The implementation of business partner model can herald enhancements on the organization’s bottom line and productivity. The implementation of business partnering can lead to sustained revenue growth, profit growth and cost reduction, and i mproved customer royalty and retention. This hinges on the capability to work smarter (business partnering

Issue of Cyberbullying Today

Issue of Cyberbullying Today Cyberbullying Twenty percent of kids cyberbullied think about suicide, and one in ten attempt it. Four thousand five hundred kids commit suicide each year (Laird). Cyberbullying is turning out to be a enormous problem effecting many people. There should be a higher offense for a person who cyberbullies someone. Cyberbullying should be a felony, because it has pushed many people into self harm and committing suicide. Bullying is already a major problem in our society today, when it reaches to the internet then it becomes cyberbullying and it ends up affecting more people.When cyberbullying reaches the internet numerous amounts of people are able to read it. Cyberbullying can occur at anytime and it allows people to harass each other which could even end up in people harming themselves.Also you have to include the other emotions people feel when they get cyberbullied such as feeling depressed and empty because of the harassment they receive. They also feel hopeless as if there is no one they can talk to or feeling of hopelessness because you lost the feelings of friendship. A felony is an extreme punishment because if you get a felony you will , lose the right to bear arms, certain employment opportunities, public social benefits and housing, parental benefits, and even the ability to vote. no laws specifically addressed cyberbullying. But legislators have not been blind to the increasing number o f high-publicity incidents, including tragic results in certain cases (suicides and school shootings, for instance) (cyberbullying). 70% percent of students report seeing frequent bullying online (was your visit to nobullying.com helpful?).cyberbullying gets seen by not just the people that it is directed to but cyber bullying can be seen by anyone on the internet. The world is becoming a cruel place to live because everyone is attacking each other instead of building each other up, and now that we have internet it spreads the problem instead of stopping it.This should not be the way we live instead there should be a more serious consequence then just a slap on the wrist. Cyber bullying should be a felony because a felony is a harsher punishment and when people see they cannot take it any further and will hopefully stop.68% percent of teenagers agree that bullying online is a serious problem (was your visit to nobullying.comhelpful?). Most teens agree that cyber bullying is a major issue that needs to be solve and that some actions should be taken into to stop the increase of cyberbullying because cyber bullying h as become too common to not be doing anything about it. 43% of children have experienced bullying online, and 1 and 4 has had it happen more then once(was your visit to nobullying.com helpful?). That on its own tells you that cyber bullying is a huge problem especially since social media has not been out that long this also shows the progression of it has been extremely rapid. People are intentionally bullying people online because they are either cruel and heart less or they are to scared to do it in person but either way it is unacceptable. You shouldnt have to be rude to people all the time or show them hatred over the internet.This is the reason there should be a higher punishment like a felony for this abuse over the internet that possibly everyone in the world can see. Also 80% of teenagers use a cell phone regularly, making it the most common medium for cyberbullying(was your visit to nobullying.com helpful). Most teens now a days have a smart phone and most likely have some sort of social media that they can get on this does not make it any easier to stop cyberbullying from happening. 97.5% have been online in the previous 30 days, 63% have a cell phone, 42% regularly use Instagram, 33% regularly use Facebook, 15% have been the target of cyberbullying in the previous 30 days (boys: 11.8%; girls: 18.5%), 6.3% have cyberbullied others in the previous 30 days (boys: 6.1%; girls: 6.5%)(cyberbullying facts). this shows that most kids are on social media and using internet in some way and 15% of kids were targeted in the past 30 days this is not a good thing thats why there needs to be punishment to those who are doing this. Know that its not your fault. What people call bullying is sometimes an argument between two people. But if someone is repeatedly cruel to you, thats bullying and you mustnt blame yourself. No one deserves to be treated cruelly. (tips to help stop cyber bullying) Cyberbullying is only the bullys fault because they are the ones who keep perusing to be rude and inconsiderate to someone and it is not a laughing matter anymore. They have to be rude and cruel to make one person feel bad about them selves hurt them selves or even bully them to attempt or even commit suicide. It is best to be able to reach out to some one and be able to talk to someone like a counselor, principal, mother figure, father figure just someone that you can tell how you truly feel. Also if someone is being cyberbullied do not just watch the argument unravel take action and tell a teacher parent about what is happening and to the person who was cyber bullied and see if in anyway shape or form you could help them s o they do not have to go through this struggle alone. If cyber bullying happens to either you or someone you know take action to help and stop cyber bullying immediately so it does not progress any further. At the end of the day cyber bullying is not something to joke about of even think is cute and funny this is really serious and needs to stop immediately thats why the law for cyberbullying should be a felony so after people saw what the punishment is they might double think before they are rude to a person so much that they would want to hurt themselves or even commit suicide. Works Cited Cyberbullying. Findlaw, Findlaw, 2016, criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/cyber-bullying.html. Cyberbullying Facts. Cyberbullying Research Center, Cyberbullying Research Center, cyberbullying.org/facts. Tips to Help Stop Cyberbullying. ConnectSafely, ConnectSafely, 4 June 2015, www.connectsafely.org/tips-to-help-stop-cyberbullying/?doing_wp_cron=1485738274.0622389316558837890625. Was Your Visit to NoBullying.com Helpful? NoBullying Bullying CyberBullying Resources, NoBullying Bullying CyberBullying Resources, nobullying.com/cyber-bullying-facts/.

Edgar Allan Poes The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar Essay -- Facts

Edgar Allan Poe's The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar Edgar Allan Poe's The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar is one of his more interesting works. Granted, this is one of his lesser-known works, but nevertheless this short story is clear example of the obsession theme that is so prominent in the majority of Poe's work. In fact, the obsession the narrator in the story closely resembles Poe himself because he was somewhat obsessed or infatuated with mesmerism for a while. This could be one example where Poe allows the reader into himself (as the narrator) or this could be yet another of Poe's tricks on his audience. In either case, this is a fascinating work that combines his trademark Gothic style with numerous customs and ideas of the day in a short yet substantial work. It would be somewhat accurate to call Poe "the inventor of American Gothic." American gothic did exist before Poe, but he was the man who took this genre to its zenith. Poe's stories generally have some element of the supernatural or mysterious in them, a solitary speaker who is normally "not normal" (many ask "Am I mad?" or insist they are not mad), usually set somewhere in Europe in some remote place at midnight. His brand of American Gothic allows for both the supernatural and physiological interpretations. Many of his narrators show some degree of madness and obsession. In fact, obsession seems to be evident in nearly every Poe tale. Poe's concept of madness is two-fold: physiological and mental/ psychological. Roderick Usher in The Fall of The House of Usher is an example of being mad from a psychological condition of his family practicing incest. The narrator in Ligeia is another example of this physical madness, this man was suffering from al... ...ffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. New York: Doubleday, 1972. Howarth, William. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Poe's Tales. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1971. Forclaz, Robert. "Psychoanalysis and Edgar Allan Poe: A Critique of the Bonaparte Thesis." Ed. Eric W. Carlson. Critical Essays On Edgar Allan Poe. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1987. 187-195. Gauld, Alan. A History of Hypnotism. Cambridge UP, 1992. Matthews, Terry C., . Writing Scientific Papers. Decatur, Il: Millikin University Biology Department. Ostrom, John Ward. The Letters of Edgar Allan Poe. Vol 2. NewYork: Gordian Press, 1966. 2 vols. Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Facts of M. Valdemar's Case." The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe, 1850. The Works of Edgar Allan Poe. The Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore. 19 Nov. 2001. 9 Dec. 2001. http://www.eapoe.org/works/tales/vldmard.htm.